H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute

Faculty Rank:

Senior Member

Research Interests:

Dr. Gillies' current research projects are focused on the use of non-invasive imaging for cancer therapy and are divided into three interrelated areas; (1) The interrogation and modeling of the tumor microenvironment and its effect on tumor progression and therapy; (2) Development of multivalent targeting molecules for specific cancer imaging and delivery of therapy; (3) The use of imaging as a biomarker of therapy response.

Publications:

1. De Silva CR, Vagner J, Lynch R, Gillies RJ, Hruby VJ. Optimization of time-resolved fluorescence assay for detection of europium-tetraazacyclododecyltetraacetic acid-labeled ligand-receptor interactions. Anal Biochem. 2010 Mar;398(1):15-23. Pubmedid: 19852924.   Pubmed ID: 19852924

2. De Leon-Rodriguez LM, Lubag AJ, Malloy CR, Martinez GV, Gillies RJ, Sherry AD. Responsive MRI agents for sensing metabolism in vivo. Acc Chem Res. 2009 Jul;42(7):948-957. Pubmedid: 19265438.   Pubmed ID: 19265438

3. Gatenby RA, Silva AS, Gillies RJ, Frieden BR. Adaptive therapy. Cancer Res. 2009 Jun;69(11):4894-4903. Pubmedid: 19487300.   Pubmed ID: 19487300

4. Josan JS, Morse DL, Xu L, Trissal M, Baggett B, Davis P, Vagner J, Gillies RJ, Hruby VJ. Solid-phase synthetic strategy and bioevaluation of a labeled delta-opioid receptor ligand Dmt-Tic-Lys for in vivo imaging. Org Lett. 2009 Jun;11(12):2479-2482. Pubmedid: 19445485. Pmcid: PMC2756606.   Pubmed ID: 19445485

5. Lee HK, Smith MD, Smith BJ, Grussendorf J, Xu L, Gillies RJ, White HS, Bulaj G. Anticonvulsant Met-enkephalin analogues containing backbone spacers reveal alternative non-opioid signaling in the brain. ACS Chem Biol. 2009 Aug;4(8):659-671. Pubmedid: 19634861.   Pubmed ID: 19634861

6. Robey IF, Baggett BK, Kirkpatrick ND, Roe DJ, Dosescu J, Sloane BF, Hashim AI, Morse DL, Raghunand N, Gatenby RA, Gillies RJ. Bicarbonate increases tumor pH and inhibits spontaneous metastases. Cancer Res. 2009 Mar;69(6):2260-2268. Pubmedid: 19276390.   Pubmed ID: 19276390

7. Rosca EV, Gillies RJ, Caplan MR. Glioblastoma targeting via integrins is concentration dependent. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2009 Oct;104(2):408-417. Pubmedid: 19575417.   Pubmed ID: 19575417

8. Silva AS, Gatenby RA, Gillies RJ, Yunes JA. A quantitative theoretical model for the development of malignancy in ductal carcinoma in situ. J Theor Biol. 2009 Oct;. Pubmedid: 19887072.   Pubmed ID: 19887072

9. Silva AS, Yunes JA, Gillies RJ, Gatenby RA. The potential role of systemic buffers in reducing intratumoral extracellular pH and acid-mediated invasion. Cancer Res. 2009 Mar;69(6):2677-2684. Pubmedid: 19276380.   Pubmed ID: 19276380

10. Xu L, Vagner J, Josan J, Lynch RM, Morse DL, Baggett B, Han H, Mash EA, Hruby VJ, Gillies RJ. Enhanced targeting with heterobivalent ligands. Mol Cancer Ther. 2009 Aug;8(8):2356-2365. Pubmedid: 19671749.   Pubmed ID: 19671749

11. Balagurunathan Y, Morse DL, Hostetter G, Shanmugam V, Stafford P, Shack S, Pearson J, Trissal M, Demeure MJ, Von Hoff DD, Hruby VJ, Gillies RJ, Han H. Gene expression profiling-based identification of cell-surface targets for developing multimeric ligands in pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2008 Sep;7(9):3071-3080. Pubmedid: 18765825. Pmcid: PMC2567866.   Pubmed ID: 18765825

12. Black K, Kirkpatrick N, Troutman T, Xu L, Vagner J, Gillies R, Barton J, Utzinger U, Romanowski M. Gold nanorods targeted to delta opioid receptor: plasmon-resonant contrast and photothermal agents. Mol Imaging. 2008 Jan;7(1):50-57. Pubmedid: 18384724.   Pubmed ID: 18384724

13. Borden MA, Zhang H, Gillies RJ, Dayton PA, Ferrara KW. A stimulus-responsive contrast agent for ultrasound molecular imaging. Biomaterials. 2008 Feb;29(5):597-606. Pubmedid: 17977595.   Pubmed ID: 17977595

14. Fang J, Gillies R, Gatenby R. Adaptation to hypoxia and acidosis in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Semin Cancer Biol. 2008 Oct;18(5):330-337. Pubmedid: 18455429.   Pubmed ID: 18455429

15. Gatenby R, Gillies R. A microenvironmental model of carcinogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer. 2008 Jan;8(1):56-61. Pubmedid: 18059462.   Pubmed ID: 18059462

16. Gillies R, Robey I, Gatenby R. Causes and consequences of increased glucose metabolism of cancers. J Nucl Med. 2008 Jun;49:24S-42S. Pubmedid: 18523064.   Pubmed ID: 18523064

17. Jennings D, Raghunand N, Gillies R. Imaging hemodynamics. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2008 Dec;27(4):589-613. Pubmedid: 18506397.   Pubmed ID: 18506397

18. Josan JS, Vagner J, Handl HL, Sankaranarayanan R, Gillies RJ, Hruby VJ. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Heterobivalent Ligands Targeted to Melanocortin and Cholecystokinin Receptors. Int J Pept Res Ther. 2008 Dec;14(4):293-300. Pubmedid: 19714261. Pmcid: PMC2732021.   Pubmed ID: 19714261

19. Lope-Piedrafita S, Garcia-Martin M, Galons J, Gillies R, Trouard T. Longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging in a rat brain glioma model. Nmr Biomed. 2008 Oct;21(8):799-808. Pubmedid: 18470959.   Pubmed ID: 18470959

20. Moellering R, Black K, Krishnamurty C, Baggett B, Stafford P, Rain M, Gatenby R, Gillies R. Acid treatment of melanoma cells selects for invasive phenotypes. Clin Exp Metastasis. 2008;25(4):411-425. Pubmedid: 18301995.   Pubmed ID: 18301995

21. Robey IF, Stephen RM, Brown KS, Baggett BK, Gatenby RA, Gillies RJ. Regulation of the Warburg effect in early-passage breast cancer cells. Neoplasia. 2008 Aug;10(8):745-756. Pubmedid: 18670636.   Pubmed ID: 18670636

22. Vagner J, Xu L, Handl HL, Josan JS, Morse DL, Mash EA, Gillies RJ, Hruby VJ. Heterobivalent ligands crosslink multiple cell-surface receptors: the human melanocortin-4 and delta-opioid receptors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2008;47(9):1685-1688. Pubmedid: 18205159.   Pubmed ID: 18205159

23. Ackerstaff E, Artemov D, Gillies RJ, Bhujwalla ZM. Hypoxia and the presence of human vascular endothelial cells affect prostate cancer cell invasion and metabolism. Neoplasia. 2007 Dec;9(12):1138-1151. Pubmedid: 18084621.   Pubmed ID: 18084621

24. Borden M, Caskey C, Little E, Gillies R, Ferrara K. DNA and polylysine adsorption and multilayer construction onto cationic lipid-coated microbubbles. Langmuir. 2007 Aug;23(18):9401-9408. Pubmedid: 17665937.   Pubmed ID: 17665937

25. Bowen M, Monguchi Y, Sankaranarayanan R, Vagner J, Begay L, Xu L, JagadishB, Hruby V, Gillies R, Mash E. Design, synthesis, and validation of a branched flexible linker for bioactive peptides. J Org Chem. 2007 Mar;72(5):1675-1680. Pubmedid: 17279799.   Pubmed ID: 17279799

26. Gatenby R, Gillies R. Glycolysis in cancer: a potential target for therapy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2007;39(7-8):1358-1366. Pubmedid: 17499003.   Pubmed ID: 17499003

27. Gatenby R, Smallbone K, Maini P, Rose F, Averill J, Nagle R, Worrall L, Gillies R. Cellular adaptations to hypoxia and acidosis during somatic evolution of breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 2007 Sep;97(5):646-653. Pubmedid: 17687336.   Pubmed ID: 17687336

28. Gillies R, Gatenby R. Adaptive landscapes and emergent phenotypes: why do cancers have high glycolysis. J Bioenerg Biomembr. 2007 Jun;39(3):251-257. Pubmedid: 17624581.   Pubmed ID: 17624581

29. Gillies R, Gatenby R. Hypoxia and adaptive landscapes in the evolution of carcinogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2007 Jun;26(2):311-317. Pubmedid: 17404691.   Pubmed ID: 17404691

30. Handl H, Sankaranarayanan R, Josan J, Vagner J, Mash E, Gillies R, HrubyVJ. Synthesis and evaluation of bivalent NDP-alpha-MSH(7) peptide ligands for binding to the human melanocortin receptor 4 (hMC4R). Bioconjug Chem. 2007 Jul;18(4):1101-1109. Pubmedid: 17591746.   Pubmed ID: 17591746

31. Jagadish B, Sankaranarayanan R, Xu L, Richards R, Vagner J, Hruby VJ, Gillies RJ, Mash EA. Squalene-derived flexible linkers for bioactive peptides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007 Jun;17(12):3310-3313. Pubmedid: 17448660.   Pubmed ID: 17448660

32. Morse D, Galons J, Payne C, Jennings D, Day S, Xia G, Gillies R. MRI-measured water mobility increases in response to chemotherapy via multiple cell-death mechanisms. Nmr Biomed. 2007 Oct;20(6):602-614. Pubmedid: 17265424.   Pubmed ID: 17265424

33. Morse D, Raghunand N, Sadarangani P, Murthi S, Job C, Day S, Howison C, Gillies R. Response of choline metabolites to docetaxel therapy is quantified in vivo by localized (31)P MRS of human breast cancer xenografts and in vitro by high-resolution (31)P NMR spectroscopy of cell extracts. Magn Reson Med. 2007 Aug;58(2):270-280. Pubmedid: 17654590.   Pubmed ID: 17654590

34. Rosca EV, Stukel JM, Gillies RJ, Vagner J, Caplan MR. Specificity and mobility of biomacromolecular, multivalent constructs for cellular targeting. Biomacromolecules. 2007 Dec;8(12):3830-3835. Pubmedid: 18039007.   Pubmed ID: 18039007

35. Smallbone K, Gatenby R, Gillies R, Maini P, Gavaghan D. Metabolic changes during carcinogenesis: potential impact on invasiveness. J Theor Biol. 2007 Feb;244(4):703-713. Pubmedid: 17055536.   Pubmed ID: 17055536

36. Stephen R, Gillies R. Promise and progress for functional and molecular imaging of response to targeted therapies. Pharm Res. 2007 Jun;24(6):1172-1185. Pubmedid: 17385018.   Pubmed ID: 17385018

37. Borden M, Martinez G, Ricker J, Tsvetkova N, Longo M, Gillies R, DaytonPA, Ferrara K. Lateral phase separation in lipid-coated microbubbles. Langmuir. 2006 Apr;22(9):4291-4297. Pubmedid: 16618177.   Pubmed ID: 16618177

38. Garcia-Martin M, Martinez G, Raghunand N, Sherry A, Zhang S, Gillies R. High resolution pH(e) imaging of rat glioma using pH-dependent relaxivity. Magn Reson Med. 2006 Feb;55(2):309-315. Pubmedid: 16402385.   Pubmed ID: 16402385

39. Gatenby R, Gawlinski E, Gmitro A, Kaylor B, Gillies R. Acid-mediated tumor invasion: a multidisciplinary study. Cancer Res. 2006 May;66(10):5216-5223. Pubmedid: 16707446.   Pubmed ID: 16707446

40. Martinez-Zaguilan R, Tompkins L, Gillies R, Lynch R. Simultaneous analysis of intracellular pH and Ca2+ from cell populations. Methods Mol Biol. 2006 312;312:269-287. Pubmedid: 16422205.   Pubmed ID: 16422205

41. Raghunand N, Jagadish B, Trouard TP, Galons JP, Gillies RJ, Mash EA. Redox-sensitive contrast agents for MRI based on reversible binding of thiols to serum albumin. Magn Reson Med. 2006 Jun;55(6):1272-1280. Pubmedid: 16700014.   Pubmed ID: 16700014

42. Sloane B, Gillies R, Mohla S, Sogn J, Menkens A, Sullivan D. I2 imaging: cancer biology and the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res. 2006 Dec;66(23):11097-11099. Pubmedid: 17114235.   Pubmed ID: 17114235

43. Tatum J, Kelloff G, Gillies R, Arbeit J, Brown J, Chao K, Chapman J, Eckelman W, Fyles A, Giaccia A, Hill R, Koch C, Krishna M, Krohn K, LewisJS, Mason R, Melillo G, Padhani A, Powis G, Rajendran J, Reba R, Robinson S, Sullivan D. Hypoxia: importance in tumor biology, noninvasive measurement by imaging, and value of its measurement in the management of cancer therapy. Int J Radiat Biol. 2006 Oct;82(10):699-757. Pubmedid: 17118889.   Pubmed ID: 17118889

44. Vagner J, Handl HL, Monguchi Y, Jana U, Begay LJ, Mash EA, Hruby VJ, Gillies RJ. Rigid linkers for bioactive peptides. Bioconjug Chem. 2006 Nov;17(6):1545-1550. Pubmedid: 17105235.   Pubmed ID: 17105235

45. Galons J, Lope-Piedrafita S, Divijak J, Corum C, Gillies R, Trouard T. Uncovering of intracellular water in cultured cells. Magn Reson Med. 2005 Jul;54(1):79-86. Pubmedid: 15968680.   Pubmed ID: 15968680

46. Gillies R, Hoffman J, Lam K, Menkens A, Piwnica-Worms D, Sullivan D, Weissleder R. Meeting report: high-throughput technologies for in vivo imaging agents. Mol Imaging. 2005 Apr;4(2):98-103. Pubmedid: 16105507.   Pubmed ID: 16105507

47. Gillies R, Morse D. In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy in cancer. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2005;7:287-326. Pubmedid: 16004573.   Pubmed ID: 16004573

48. Handl H, Gillies R. Lanthanide-based luminescent assays for ligand-receptor interactions. Life Sci. 2005 Jun;77(4):361-371. Pubmedid: 15894006.   Pubmed ID: 15894006

49. Handl H, Vagner J, Yamamura H, Hruby V, Gillies R. Development of a lanthanide-based assay for detection of receptor-ligand interactions at the delta-opioid receptor. Anal Biochem. 2005 Aug;343(2):299-307. Pubmedid: 16004955.   Pubmed ID: 16004955

50. Jordan B, Black K, Robey I, Runquist M, Powis G, Gillies R. Metabolite changes in HT-29 xenograft tumors following HIF-1alpha inhibition with PX-478 as studied by MR spectroscopy in vivo and ex vivo. Nmr Biomed. 2005 Nov;18(7):430-439. Pubmedid: 16206237.   Pubmed ID: 16206237

51. Jordan B, Runquist M, Raghunand N, Baker A, Williams R, Kirkpatrick L, PowisG, Gillies R. Dynamic contrast-enhanced and diffusion MRI show rapid and dramatic changes in tumor microenvironment in response to inhibition of HIF-1alpha using PX-478. Neoplasia. 2005 May;7(5):475-485. Pubmedid: 15967100.   Pubmed ID: 15967100

52. Morse D, Carroll D, Weberg L, Borgstrom M, Ranger-Moore J, Gillies R. Determining suitable internal standards for mRNA quantification of increasing cancer progression in human breast cells by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Anal Biochem. 2005 Jul;342(1):69-77. Pubmedid: 15958182.   Pubmed ID: 15958182

53. Morse D, Gray H, Payne C, Gillies R. Docetaxel induces cell death through mitotic catastrophe in human breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 2005 Oct;4(10):1495-1504. Pubmedid: 16227398.   Pubmed ID: 16227398

54. Robey IF, Lien AD, Welsh SJ, Baggett BK, Gillies RJ. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and the glycolytic phenotype in tumors. Neoplasia. 2005 Apr;7(4):324-330. Pubmedid: 15967109.   Pubmed ID: 15967109

55. Baggett B, Roy R, Momen S, Morgan S, Tisi L, Morse D, Gillies R. Thermostability of firefly luciferases affects efficiency of detection by in vivo bioluminescence. Mol Imaging. 2004 Oct;3(4):324-332. Pubmedid: 15802049.   Pubmed ID: 15802049

56. Bascunan-Castillo E, Erickson R, Howison C, Hunter R, Heidenreich R, Hicks C, Trouard T, Gillies R. Tamoxifen and vitamin E treatments delay symptoms in the mouse model of Niemann-Pick C. J Appl Genet. 2004;45(4):461-467. Pubmedid: 15523158.   Pubmed ID: 15523158

57. Handl H, Vagner J, Han H, Mash E, Hruby V, Gillies R. Hitting multiple targets with multimeric ligands. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2004 Dec;8(6):565-586. Pubmedid: 15584863.   Pubmed ID: 15584863

58. Handl H, Vagner J, Yamamura H, Hruby V, Gillies R. Lanthanide-based time-resolved fluorescence of in cyto ligand-receptor interactions. Anal Biochem. 2004 Jul;330(2):242-250. Pubmedid: 15203329.   Pubmed ID: 15203329

59. Theilmann R, Borders R, Trouard T, Xia G, Outwater E, Ranger-Moore J, Gillies R, Stopeck A. Changes in water mobility measured by diffusion MRI predict response of metastatic breast cancer to chemotherapy. Neoplasia. 2004 Nov;6(6):831-837. Pubmedid: 15720810.   Pubmed ID: 15720810

60. Vagner J, Handl H, Gillies R, Hruby V. Novel targeting strategy based on multimeric ligands for drug delivery and molecular imaging: homooligomers of alpha-MSH. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2004 Jan;14(1):211-215. Pubmedid: 14684330.   Pubmed ID: 14684330

61. Gillies R, Hruby V. Expression-driven reverse engineering of targeted imaging and therapeutic agents. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2003 Apr;7(2):137-139. Pubmedid: 12667092.   Pubmed ID: 12667092

62. Gillies R. Noninvasive imaging of anticancer therapy. Mol Cancer Ther. 2003 Mar;2(3):333-334. Pubmedid: 12657728.   Pubmed ID: 12657728

63. Guo J, Erickson R, Trouard T, Galons J, Gillies R. Magnetization transfer contrast imaging in Niemann pick type C mouse liver. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2003 Sep;18(3):321-327. Pubmedid: 12938127.   Pubmed ID: 12938127

64. Lukasik V, Gillies R. Animal anaesthesia for in vivo magnetic resonance. Nmr Biomed. 2003 Dec;16(8):459-467. Pubmedid: 14696002.   Pubmed ID: 14696002

65. Mahoney B, Raghunand N, Baggett B, Gillies R. Tumor acidity, ion trapping and chemotherapeutics: Acid pH affects the distribution of chemotherapeutic agents in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003 Oct;66(7):1207-1218. Pubmedid: 14505800.   Pubmed ID: 14505800

66. Raghunand N, Gatenby R, Gillies R. Microenvironmenalamd cellular consequences of altered blood flow in tumours. Br J Radiol. 2003;76:S11-S22. Pubmedid: 15456710.   Pubmed ID: 15456710

67. Raghunand N, Howison C, Sherry A, Zhang S, Gillies R. Renal and systemic pH imaging by contrast-enhanced MRI. Magn Reson Med. 2003 Feb;49(2):249-257. Pubmedid: 12541244.   Pubmed ID: 12541244

68. Raghunand N, Mahoney B, Gillies R. Tumor acidity, ion trapping and chemotherapeutics: pH-dependent partition coefficients predict importance of ion trapping on pharmacokinetics of weakly basic chemotherapeutic agents. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003 Oct;66(7):1219-1229. Pubmedid: 14505801.   Pubmed ID: 14505801

69. Schornack PA, Gillies RJ. Contributions of cell metabolism and H+ diffusion to the acidic pH of tumors. Neoplasia. 2003 Mar;5(2):135-145. Pubmedid: 12659686.   Pubmed ID: 12659686

70. Bhujwalla Z, Artemov D, Ballesteros P, Cerdan S, Gillies R, Solaiyappan M. Combined vascular and extracellular pH imaging of solid tumors. Nmr Biomed. 2002 Apr;15(2):114-119. Pubmedid: 11870907.   Pubmed ID: 11870907

71. Gillies R, Raghunand N, Karczmar G, Bhujwalla Z. MRI of the tumor microenvironment. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2002 Oct;16(4):430-450. Pubmedid: 12353258.   Pubmed ID: 12353258

72. Gillies R. In vivo molecular imaging. J Cell Biochem Suppl. 2002;39:231-238. Pubmedid: 12552622.   Pubmed ID: 12552622

73. Jennings D, Hatton B, Guo J, Galons J, Trouard T, Raghunand N, Marshall J, Gillies R. Early response of prostate carcinoma xenografts to docetaxel chemotherapy monitored with diffusion MRI. Neoplasia. 2002 May;4(3):255-262. Pubmedid: 11988845.   Pubmed ID: 11988845

74. Raghunand N, Zhang S, Sherry A, Gillies R. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of tissue pH using a novel pH-sensitive contrast agent, GdDOTA-4AmP. Acad Radiol. 2002 Aug;9:S481-S483. Pubmedid: 12188315.   Pubmed ID: 12188315

75. Bhujwalla Z, Artemov D, Aboagye E, Ackerstaff E, Gillies R, Natarajan K, Solaiyappan M. The physiological environment in cancer vascularization, invasion and metastasis. Novartis Found Symp. 2001;240:23-45. Pubmedid: 11727932.   Pubmed ID: 11727932

76. Gillies R, Lynch R. Frontiers in the measurement of cell and tissue pH. Novartis Found Symp. 2001;240:7-22. Pubmedid: 11727938.   Pubmed ID: 11727938

77. Gillies R. Causes and consequences of hypoxia and acidity in tumors--Novartis Foundation symposium. Trends Mol Med. 2001 Feb;7(2):47-49. Pubmedid: 11330256.   Pubmed ID: 11330256

78. Gillies R. The tumour microenvironment: causes and consequences of hypoxia and acidity. Novartis Found Symp. 2001;240:1-6. Pubmedid: 11727923.   Pubmed ID: 11727923

79. Raghunand N, Gillies R. pH and chemotherapy. Novartis Found Symp. 2001;240:199-211. Pubmedid: 11727930.   Pubmed ID: 11727930

80. Raghunand N, Mahoney B, van Sluis R, Baggett B, Gillies R. Acute metabolic alkalosis enhances response of C3H mouse mammary tumors to the weak base mitoxantrone. Neoplasia. 2001 May;3(3):227-235. Pubmedid: 11494116.   Pubmed ID: 11494116

81. Evelhoch J, Gillies R, Karczmar G, Koutcher J, Maxwell R, Nalcioglu O, Raghunand N, Ronen S, Ross B, Swartz H. Applications of magnetic resonance in model systems: cancer therapeutics. Neoplasia. 2000 Jan;2(1-2):152-165. Pubmedid: 10933074.   Pubmed ID: 10933074

82. Gillies R, Bhujwalla Z, Evelhoch J, Garwood M, Neeman M, Robinson S, SotakCH, Van Der Sanden B. Applications of magnetic resonance in model systems: tumor biology and physiology. Neoplasia. 2000 Jan;2(1-2):139-151. Pubmedid: 10933073.   Pubmed ID: 10933073

83. Pilatus U, Ackerstaff E, Artemov D, Mori N, Gillies R, Bhujwalla Z. Imaging prostate cancer invasion with multi-nuclear magnetic resonance methods: the Metabolic Boyden Chamber. Neoplasia. 2000 May;2(3):273-279. Pubmedid: 10935513.   Pubmed ID: 10935513

84. Raghunand N, Gillies R. pH and drug resistance in tumors. Drug Resist Updat. 2000 Feb;3(1):39-47. Pubmedid: 11498364.   Pubmed ID: 11498364

85. Bhujwalla Z, Aboagye E, Gillies R, Chacko V, Mendola C, Backer J. Nm23-transfected MDA-MB-435 human breast carcinoma cells form tumors with altered phospholipid metabolism and pH: a 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study in vivo and in vitro. Magn Reson Med. 1999 May;41(5):897-903. Pubmedid: 10332871.   Pubmed ID: 10332871

86. Galons J, Altbach M, Paine-Murrieta G, Taylor C, Gillies R. Early increases in breast tumor xenograft water mobility in response to paclitaxel therapy detected by non-invasive diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. Neoplasia. 1999 Jun;1(2):113-117. Pubmedid: 10933044.   Pubmed ID: 10933044

87. Gillies R, Schornack P, Secomb T, Raghunand N. Causes and effects of heterogeneous perfusion in tumors. Neoplasia. 1999 Aug;1(3):197-207. Pubmedid: 10935474.   Pubmed ID: 10935474

88. Gillies R. Angiostatin's partners. Science. 1999 Apr;284(5413):434-434. Pubmedid: 10232986.   Pubmed ID: 10232986

89. Martinez-Zaguilan R, Tompkins L, Gillies R, Lynch R. Simultaneous analysis of intracellular pH and Ca2+ from cell populations. Methods Mol Biol. 1999;114:287-306. Pubmedid: 10081026.   Pubmed ID: 10081026

90. Raghunand N, He X, van Sluis R, Mahoney B, Baggett B, Taylor C, Paine-Murrieta G, Roe D, Bhujwalla Z, Gillies R. Enhancement of chemotherapy by manipulation of tumour pH. Br J Cancer. 1999 Jun;80(7):1005-1011. Pubmedid: 10362108.   Pubmed ID: 10362108

91. Raghunand N, Martinez-Zaguilan R, Wright S, Gillies R. pH and drug resistance: Turnover of acidic vesicles and resistance to weakly basic chemotherapeutic drugs. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999 May;57(9):1047-1058. Pubmedid: 10796075.   Pubmed ID: 10796075

92. van Sluis R, Bhujwalla Z, Raghunand N, Ballesteros P, Alvarez J, Cerd?!n S, Galons J, Gillies R. In vivo imaging of extracellular pH using 1H MRSI. Magn Reson Med. 1999 Apr;41(4):743-750. Pubmedid: 10332850.   Pubmed ID: 10332850

93. Bhujwalla Z, McCoy C, Glickson J, Gillies R, Stubbs M. Estimations of intra- and extracellular volume and pH by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy: effect of therapy on RIF-1 tumours. Br J Cancer. 1998 Sep;78(5):606-611. Pubmedid: 9744499 .   Pubmed ID: 9744499

94. Martinez-Zaguilan R, Martinez G, Gomez A, Hendrix M, Gillies R. Distinct regulation of pHin and [Ca2+]in in human melanoma cells with different metastatic potential. J Cell Physiol. 1998 Jul;176(1):196-205. Pubmedid: 9618159 .   Pubmed ID: 9618159

95. Xie X, Gillies R, Gerner E. Characterization of a diamine exporter in Chinese hamster ovary cells and identification of specific polyamine substrates. J Biol Chem. 1997 Aug;272(33):20484-20489. Pubmedid: 9252359 .   Pubmed ID: 9252359

96. Aiken N, Gillies R. Phosphomonoester metabolism as a function of cell proliferative status and exogenous precursors. Anticancer Res. 1996 May;16(3B):1393-1397. Pubmedid: 8694507 .   Pubmed ID: 8694507

97. Martinez-Zaguilan R, Seftor E, Seftor R, Chu Y, Gillies R, Hendrix M. Acidic pH enhances the invasive behavior of human melanoma cells. Clin Exp Metastasis. 1996 Mar;14(2):176-186. Pubmedid: 8605731 .   Pubmed ID: 8605731

98. Galons J, Job C, Gillies R. Increase of GPC levels in cultured mammalian cells during acidosis: A 31P MR spectroscopy study using a continuous bioreactor system. Magn Reson Med. 1995 Mar;33(3):422-426. Pubmedid: 7760711 .   Pubmed ID: 7760711

99. Lien Y, Wang X, Gillies R, Martinez-Zaguilan R. Modulation of intracellular Ca2+ by glucose in MDCK cells: role of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase. Am J Physiol. 1995 Apr;268(4 Pt 2):F671-F679. Pubmedid: 7733324 .   Pubmed ID: 7733324

100. Gillies R, Barry J, Ross B. In vitro and in vivo 13C and 31P NMR analyses of phosphocholine metabolism in rat glioma cells. Magn Reson Med. 1994 Sep;32(3):310-318. Pubmedid: 7984063 .   Pubmed ID: 7984063

101. Gillies R, Liu Z, Bhujwalla Z. 31P-MRS measurements of extracellular pH of tumors using 3-aminopropylphosphonate. Am J Physiol. 1994 Jul;267(1 Pt 1):C195-C203. Pubmedid: 8048479 .   Pubmed ID: 8048479

102. Gunn J, Martinez-Zaguilan R, Wald-Hopkins S, Woolridge D, Gillies R. NIH3T3 cells transfected with the yeast H(+)-ATPase have altered rates of protein turnover. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1994 Nov;314(2):268-275. Pubmedid: 7979364 .   Pubmed ID: 7979364

103. Lax D, Martinez-Zaguilan R, Gillies R. Furazolidone increases thapsigargin-sensitive Ca(2+)-ATPase in chick cardiac myocytes. Am J Physiol. 1994 Aug;267(2 Pt 2):H734-H741. Pubmedid: 8067429 .   Pubmed ID: 8067429

104. Martinez G, Martinez-Zaguilan R, Gillies R. Effect of glucose on pHin and [Ca2+]in in NIH-3T3 cells transfected with the yeast P-type H(+)-ATPase. J Cell Physiol. 1994 Oct;161(1):129-141. Pubmedid: 7929598 .   Pubmed ID: 7929598

105. Martinez-Zaguilan R, Gillies R, Sanchez-Armass S. Regulation of pH in rat brain synaptosomes: Role of Cl-. J Neurophysiol. 1994 Jun;71(6):2249-2257. Pubmedid: 7931514 .   Pubmed ID: 7931514

106. Martinez-Zaguilan R, Wegner J, Gillies R, Hoyer P. Differential regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in ovine large and small luteal cells. Endocrinology. 1994 Nov;135(5):2099-2108. Pubmedid: 7956933 .   Pubmed ID: 7956933

107. Peterson E, Martinez G, Martinez-Zaguilan R, Perona R, Gillies R. NIH 3T3 cells transfected with a yeast H(+)-ATPase have altered sensitivity to insulin, insulin growth factor-I, and platelet-derived growth factor-AA. J Cell Physiol. 1994 Jun;159(3):551-560. Pubmedid: 8188769 .   Pubmed ID: 8188769

108. Sanchez-Armass S, Martinez-Zaguilan R, Mart?-nez G, Gillies R. Regulation of pH in rat brain synaptosomes: Role of sodium, bicarbonate, and potassium. J Neurophysiol. 1994 Jun;71(6):2236-2248. Pubmedid: 7931513 .   Pubmed ID: 7931513

109. Wegner J, Martinez-Zaguilan R, Gillies R, Hoyer P. Prostaglandin F2 alpha releases calcium from a thapsigargin-sensitive pool in ovine large luteal cells. Am J Physiol. 1994 Jan;266(1 Pt 1):E50-E56. Pubmedid: 8304445 .   Pubmed ID: 8304445

110. Wysynski A, Martinez-Zaguilan R, Alden C, Gandolfi A, Gillies R. Phenobarbital induces cytosolic acidification in an established liver epithelial cell line. Toxicol Lett. 1994 Nov;74(2):157-166. Pubmedid: 7940597 .   Pubmed ID: 7940597

111. Barry J, McGovern K, Lien Y, Ashmore B, Gillies R. Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP): a 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic probe of intracellular volume in mammalian cell cultures. Biochemistry. 1993 May;32(17):4665-4670. Pubmedid: 8485143 .   Pubmed ID: 8485143

112. Gillies R, Galons J, McGovern K, Scherer P, Lien Y, Job C, Ratcliff R, Chapa F, Cerdan S, Dale B. Design and application of NMR-compatible bioreactor circuits for extended perfusion of high-density mammalian cell cultures. Nmr Biomed. 1993 Jan;6(1):95-104. Pubmedid: 8457432 .   Pubmed ID: 8457432

113. Martinez-Zaguilan R, Lynch R, Martinez G, Gillies R. Vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPases are functionally expressed in plasma membranes of human tumor cells. Am J Physiol. 1993 Oct;265(4 Pt 1):C1015-C1029. Pubmedid: 8238296 .   Pubmed ID: 8238296

114. Gillies R. Nuclear magnetic resonance and its applications to physiological problems. Annu Rev Physiol. 1992;54:733-748. Pubmedid: 1562189 .   Pubmed ID: 1562189

115. Lien Y, Zhou H, Job C, Barry J, Gillies R. In vivo 31P NMR study of early cellular responses to hyperosmotic shock in cultured glioma cells. Biochimie. 1992 Sep;74(9-10):931-939. Pubmedid: 1467347 .   Pubmed ID: 1467347

116. Martinez-Zaguilan R, Gillies R. A plasma membrane V-type H(+)-ATPase may contribute to elevated intracellular pH(pHin) in some human tumor cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1992 Nov;671:478-480. Pubmedid: 1288345 .   Pubmed ID: 1288345

117. Dale B, Gillies R. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of dense cell populations for metabolic studies and bioreactor engineering: a synergistic partnership. Biotechnology. 1991 Win;17:107-118. Pubmedid: 2049536 .   Pubmed ID: 2049536

118. Gillies R, Martinez-Zaguilan R. Regulation of intracellular pH in BALB/c 3T3 cells: Bicarbonate raises pH via NaHCO3/HCl exchange and attenuates the activation of Na+/H+ exchange by serum. J Biol Chem. 1991 Jan;266(3):1551-1556. Pubmedid: 1846359 .   Pubmed ID: 1846359

119. Gillies R, Scherer P, Raghunand N, Okerlund L, Martinez-Zaguilan R, Hesterberg L, Dale B. Iteration of hybridoma growth and productivity in hollow fiber bioreactors using 31P NMR. Magn Reson Med. 1991 Mar;18(1):181-192. Pubmedid: 2062229 .   Pubmed ID: 2062229

120. Martinez-Zaguilan R, Martinez G, Lattanzio F, Gillies R. Simultaneous measurement of intracellular pH and Ca2+ using the fluorescence of SNARF-1 and fura-2. Am J Physiol. 1991 Feb;260(2 Pt 1):C297-C307. Pubmedid: 1996613 .   Pubmed ID: 1996613

121. Wegner J, Martinez-Zaguilan R, Gillies R, Hoyer P. Prostaglandin F2 alpha-induced calcium transient in ovine large luteal cells: Modulation of the transient and resting cytosolic free calcium alters progesterone secretion. Endocrinology. 1991 Feb;128(2):929-936. Pubmedid: 1899223 .   Pubmed ID: 1899223

122. Gillies R, Martinez-Zaguilan R, Martinez G, Serrano R, Perona R. Tumorigenic 3T3 cells maintain an alkaline intracellular pH under physiological conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Oct;87(19):7414-7418. Pubmedid: 2170979 .   Pubmed ID: 2170979

123. Wegner J, Martinez-Zaguilan R, Wise M, Gillies R, Hoyer P. Prostaglandin F2 alpha-induced calcium transient in ovine large luteal cells: Alterations in cytosolic-free calcium levels and calcium flux. Endocrinology. 1990 Dec;127(6):3029-3037. Pubmedid: 2249641 .   Pubmed ID: 2249641

124. Gillies R, Martinez R, Sneider J, Hoyer P. Sphingosine inhibits phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-, but not serum-induced, activation of Na+/H+ exchange in mammalian cells. J Cell Physiol. 1989 Apr;139(1):125-130. Pubmedid: 2540207 .   Pubmed ID: 2540207

125. Martinez R, Gillies R. Dimethylsulfoxide modifies the sensitivity of BALB/c-3T3 cells to the activation of Na+/H+ exchange by phorbol esters. J Cell Physiol. 1989 Apr;139(1):131-135. Pubmedid: 2540208 .   Pubmed ID: 2540208

126. Lucas C, Gillies R, Olson J, Giuliano K, Martinez R, Sneider J. Intracellular acidification inhibits the proliferative response in BALB/c-3T3 cells. J Cell Physiol. 1988 Jul;136(1):161-167. Pubmedid: 3397393 .   Pubmed ID: 3397393

127. Martinez R, Gillies R, Giuliano K. Effect of serum on the intracellular pH of BALB/c-3T3 cells: serum deprivation causes changes in sensitivity of cells to serum. J Cell Physiol. 1988 Jul;136(1):154-160. Pubmedid: 2840441 .   Pubmed ID: 2840441

128. DeFronzo M, Gillies R. Characterization of methylphosphonate as a 31P NMR pH indicator. J Biol Chem. 1987 Aug;262(23):11032-11037. Pubmedid: 3611105 .   Pubmed ID: 3611105

129. Gillies R, Cook J, Fox M, Giuliano K. Flow cytometric analysis of intracellular pH in 3T3 cells. Am J Physiol. 1987 Jul;253(1 Pt 1):C121-C125. Pubmedid: 3605325 .   Pubmed ID: 3605325

130. Giuliano K, Gillies R. Determination of intracellular pH of BALB/c-3T3 cells using the fluorescence of pyranine. Anal Biochem. 1987 Dec;167(2):362-371. Pubmedid: 2831755 .   Pubmed ID: 2831755

131. Nelson T, Gillies R, Powell D, Schrader M, Manchester D, Pretorius D. High resolution proton NMR spectroscopy of human amniotic fluid. Prenat Diagn. 1987 Jun;7(5):363-372. Pubmedid: 3615362 .   Pubmed ID: 3615362

132. Gillies R, Didier N, Denton M. Determination of cell number in monolayer cultures. Anal Biochem. 1986 Nov;159(1):109-113. Pubmedid: 3812988 .   Pubmed ID: 3812988

133. Findly R, Gillies R, Shulman R. In vivo phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance reveals lowered ATP during heat shock of Tetrahymena. Science. 1983 Mar;219(4589):1223-1225. Pubmedid: 6828852 .   Pubmed ID: 6828852

134. Gillies R, Benoit A. NMR analysis of a cell division cycle mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1983 Jun;762(3):466-470. Pubmedid: 6303444 .   Pubmed ID: 6303444

135. Gillies R, Ogino T, Shulman R, Ward D. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance evidence for the regulation of intracellular pH by Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. J Cell Biol. 1982 Oct;95(1):24-28. Pubmedid: 7142288 .   Pubmed ID: 7142288

136. Alger J, Sillerud L, Behar K, Gillies R, Shulman R, Gordon R, Shae D, Hanley P. In vivo carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of mammals. Science. 1981 Nov;214(4521):660-662. Pubmedid: 7292005 .   Pubmed ID: 7292005

137. Gillies R, Alger J, den Hollander J, Shulman R. Intracellular pH measured by NMR: methods and results. Kroc Found Ser. 1981 Win;15:79-104. Pubmedid: 7042927 .   Pubmed ID: 7042927

138. Gillies R, Rosenberg M, Deamer D. Carbon dioxide efflux accompanies release of fertilization acid from sea urchin eggs. J Cell Physiol. 1981 Aug;108(2):115-122. Pubmedid: 6790553 .   Pubmed ID: 6790553

139. Gillies R, Ugurbil K, den Hollander J, Shulman R. 31P NMR studies of intracellular pH and phosphate metabolism during cell division cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Apr;78(4):2125-2129. Pubmedid: 7017724 .   Pubmed ID: 7017724

140. Gillies R. Intracellular pH and proliferation in yeast, Tetrahymena and sea urchin eggs. Kroc Found Ser. 1981 Win;15:341-359. Pubmedid: 7042923 .   Pubmed ID: 7042923

141. Gillies R, Deamer D. Endogenously produced CO2 induces stationary phase in Tetrahymena cultures. J Cell Physiol. 1980 Nov;105(2):221-225. Pubmedid: 6780574 .   Pubmed ID: 6780574

142. Gillies R, Deamer D. Intracellular pH changes during the ce;; cycle in Tetrahymena. J Cell Physiol. 1979 Jul;100(1):23-31. Pubmedid: 38259.   Pubmed ID: 38259

143. Noble E, Gillies R, Vigran R, Mandel P. The modification of the ethanol withdrawal syndrome in rats by di-n-propylacetate. Psychopharmacologia. 1976 Mar;46(2):127-131. Pubmedid: 781711.   Pubmed ID: 781711