Darnell JE Jr. STATs and gene regulation.
Science. 1997;277: 1630-1635.
Signal transducers and activators of transcription
(STATs) comprise a family of latent cytoplasmic proteins that are activated
to participate in gene control when cells encounter various extracellular polypeptides.
Garcia R, Jove R. Activation of STAT
transcription factors in oncogenic tyrosine kinase signaling. J Biomed Sci.
1998;5:79-85.
Recent findings support
a model in which activation of STAT signaling in the context of oncogenesis
induces gene expression that participates in malignant transformation.
Catlett-Falcone R, Landowski TH, Oshiro
MM, et al. Constitutive activation of Stat3 signaling confers resistance to apoptosis
in human U266 myeloma cells. Immunity. 1999;10:105-115.
Constitutively activated
Stat3 signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma by preventing
apoptosis.
Dalton WS. Mechanisms of drug resistance
in hematologic malignancies. Semin Hematol. 1997;34(4 suppl 5):3-8.
Drugs, called chemosensitizers,
have been designed to overcome P-gp-mediated drug resistance, and these agents
are now being tested in the clinic.
Folkman J. Tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic
implications. N Engl Med. 1971;285:1182-1186.
This article is of historical
interest to the workers in the burgeoning field of angiogenesis and angiogenesis
inhibition.
Fidler IJ, Ellis LM. The implications
of angiogenesis for the biology and therapy of cancer metastasis. Cell.
1994;79:185-188.
The discovery of angiostatin
confirms the conclusion that the process of cancer metastasis is highly selective
and is regulated by a number of different mechanisms. This conclusion is contrary
to the once-accepted idea that metastasis represents the ultimate expression
of cellular anarchy.
Boehm T, Folkman J, Browder T,
et al. Antiangiogenic therapy of experimental cancer does not induce acquired
drug resistance. Nature. 1997;390:404-407.
These experiments show that drug resistance does
not develop in three tumor types treated with a potent angiogenesis inhibitor.
An unexpected finding is that repeated cycles of antiangiogenic therapy are
followed by prolonged tumor dormancy without further therapy.
Balducci L, Extermann M. Cancer chemotherapy
in the older patient: what the medical oncologist needs to know. Cancer.
1997;80:1317-1322.
A comprehensive assessment
of the older person with cancer allows clinicians to predict the benefits and
risks of cancer chemotherapy in individual circumstances.
Moinpour CM. Measuring quality of life:
an emerging science. Semin Oncol. 1994;21 (suppl 10): 48-63.
Quality of
life variables are increasingly included as end-points in cancer therapy trials,
supplementing such traditional end-points as survival time in evaluating the
effects of cancer treatments.
Moore
MJ, Osoba D, Murphy K, et al. Use of palliative end points to evaluate the
effects of mitoxantrone and low-dose prednisone in patients with hormonally
resistant prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1994;12:689-694.
Mitoxantrone with low-dose
prednisone is a well-tolerated treatment regimen that has some beneficial
effects on disease-related symptoms and quality of life for patients with
advanced prostate cancer.