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Gilmer Valdes, PhD

Gilmer Valdes, PhD

Vice Chair, Clinical Machine Learning

Program: Machine Learning

Research Program: Cancer Epidemiology Program

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  • Overview

    Associations

    • Radiation Oncology
    • Machine Learning
    • Cancer Epidemiology Program

  • Publications

    • Conahan P, Robinson LA, Le T, Valdes G, Schabath MB, Byrne MM, Green L, El Naqa I, Luo Y. Easy ensemble classifier-group and intersectional fairness and threshold (EEC-GIFT): a fairness-aware machine learning framework for lung cancer screening eligibility using real-world data. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2025 Mar.9(2). Pubmedid: 40111867. Pmcid: PMC11986816.
    • Chow R, Hasan S, Zheng A, Gao C, Valdes G, Yu F, Chhabra A, Raman S, Choi JI, Lin H, Simone CB. The Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence ChatGPT in Oncology Examination Questions. J Am Coll Radiol. 2024 Nov.21(11):1800-1804. Pubmedid: 39098369.
    • Valdes G, Scholey J, Nano TF, Gennatas ED, Mohindra P, Mohammed N, Zeng J, Kotecha R, Rosen LR, Chang J, Tsai HK, Urbanic JJ, Vargas CE, Yu NY, Ungar LH, Eaton E, Simone CB. Predicting the Effect of Proton Beam Therapy Technology on Pulmonary Toxicities for Patients With Locally Advanced Lung Cancer Enrolled in the Proton Collaborative Group Prospective Clinical Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2024 May.119(1):66-77. Pubmedid: 38000701.
    • Sabbagh A, Tilki D, Feng J, Huland H, Graefen M, Wiegel T, Böhmer D, Hong JC, Valdes G, Cowan JE, Cooperberg M, Feng FY, Mohammad T, Shelan M, D'Amico AV, Carroll PR, Mohamad O. Multi-institutional Development and External Validation of a Machine Learning Model for the Prediction of Distant Metastasis in Patients Treated by Salvage Radiotherapy for Biochemical Failure After Radical Prostatectomy. Eur Urol Focus. 2024 Jan.10(1):66-74. Pubmedid: 37507248.
    • Auerbach AD, Lee TM, Hubbard CC, Ranji SR, Raffel K, Valdes G, Boscardin J, Dalal AK, Harris A, Flynn E, Schnipper JL. Diagnostic Errors in Hospitalized Adults Who Died or Were Transferred to Intensive Care. JAMA Intern Med. 2024 Feb.184(2):164-173. Pubmedid: 38190122. Pmcid: PMC10775080.
    • Ramesh P, Valdes G, O'Connor D, Sheng K. A unified path seeking algorithm for IMRT and IMPT beam orientation optimization. Phys Med Biol. 2023 Sep.68(19). Pubmedid: 37659406. Pmcid: PMC11769837.
    • Sabbagh A, Washington SL, Tilki D, Hong JC, Feng J, Valdes G, Chen MH, Wu J, Huland H, Graefen M, Wiegel T, Böhmer D, Cowan JE, Cooperberg M, Feng FY, Roach M, Trock BJ, Partin AW, D'Amico AV, Carroll PR, Mohamad O. Development and External Validation of a Machine Learning Model for Prediction of Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol Oncol. 2023 Oct.6(5):501-507. Pubmedid: 36868922.
    • Petragallo R, Bertram P, Halvorsen P, Iftimia I, Low DA, Morin O, Narayanasamy G, Saenz DL, Sukumar KN, Valdes G, Weinstein L, Wells MC, Ziemer BP, Lamb JM. Development and multi-institutional validation of a convolutional neural network to detect vertebral body mis-alignments in 2D x-ray setup images. Med Phys. 2023 May.50(5):2662-2671. Pubmedid: 36908243.
    • Lafrenière M, Valdes G, Descovich M. Predicting successful clinical candidates for fiducial-free lung tumor tracking with a deep learning binary classification model. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2023 Dec.24(12):e14146. Pubmedid: 37696265. Pmcid: PMC10691617.
    • Di Benedetto C, Oh J, Choudhery Z, Shi W, Valdes G, Betancur P. NSMCE2, a novel super-enhancer-regulated gene, is linked to poor prognosis and therapy resistance in breast cancer. BMC Cancer. 2022 Oct.22(1):1056. Pubmedid: 36224576. Pmcid: PMC9555101.
    • Barragán-Montero A, Bibal A, Dastarac MH, Draguet C, Valdés G, Nguyen D, Willems S, Vandewinckele L, Holmström M, Löfman F, Souris K, Sterpin E, Lee JA. Towards a safe and efficient clinical implementation of machine learning in radiation oncology by exploring model interpretability, explainability and data-model dependency. Phys Med Biol. 2022 May.67(11). Pubmedid: 35421855. Pmcid: PMC9870296.
    • Valdes G, Friedman JH, Jiang F, Gennatas ED. Representational Gradient Boosting: Backpropagation in the Space of Functions. Ieee Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell. 2022 Dec.44(12):10186-10195. Pubmedid: 34941500.
    • Valdes G, Interian Y, Gennatas E, Van der Laan M. The Conditional Super Learner. Ieee Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell. 2022 Dec.44(12):10236-10243. Pubmedid: 34851823.
    • Chan JW, Hohenstein N, Carpenter C, Pattison AJ, Morin O, Valdes G, Sanchez CT, Perkins J, Solberg TD, Yom SS. Artificial Intelligence-Guided Prediction of Dental Doses Before Planning of Radiation Therapy for Oropharyngeal Cancer: Technical Development and Initial Feasibility of Implementation. Adv Radiat Oncol. 2022 Dec.7(2):100886. Pubmedid: 35387423. Pmcid: PMC8977910.
    • Wall PDH, Hirata E, Morin O, Valdes G, Witztum A. Prospective Clinical Validation of Virtual Patient-Specific Quality Assurance of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy Radiation Therapy Plans. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2022 Aug.113(5):1091-1102. Pubmedid: 35533908.
    • Wesson P, Hswen Y, Valdes G, Stojanovski K, Handley MA. Risks and Opportunities to Ensure Equity in the Application of Big Data Research in Public Health. Annu Rev Public Health. 2022 Apr.43:59-78. Pubmedid: 34871504. Pmcid: PMC8983486.
    • Wu SY, Wong AC, Shinohara K, Roach M, Cunha JAM, Valdes G, Hsu IC. Salvage High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy for Recurrent Prostate Cancer After Definitive Radiation. Pract Radiat Oncol. 2021 Nov.11(6):515-526. Pubmedid: 34077809.
    • Hasse K, Scholey J, Ziemer BP, Natsuaki Y, Morin O, Solberg TD, Hirata E, Valdes G, Witztum A. Use of Receiver Operating Curve Analysis and Machine Learning With an Independent Dose Calculation System Reduces the Number of Physical Dose Measurements Required for Patient-Specific Quality Assurance. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2021 Mar.109(4):1086-1095. Pubmedid: 33197530. Pmcid: PMC9758537.
    • Valdes G, Adamson J, Cai J. Artificial intelligence for prediction of measurement-based patient-specific quality assurance is ready for prime time. Med Phys. 2021 Jun.48(6):2701-2704. Pubmedid: 33797761.
    • Luo Y, Jolly S, Palma D, Lawrence TS, Tseng HH, Valdes G, McShan D, Ten Haken RK, El Naqa I. A situational awareness Bayesian network approach for accurate and credible personalized adaptive radiotherapy outcomes prediction in lung cancer patients. Phys Med. 2021 Jul.87:11-23. Pubmedid: 34091197. Pmcid: PMC8284560.
    • Morin O, Vallières M, Braunstein S, Ginart JB, Upadhaya T, Woodruff HC, Zwanenburg A, Chatterjee A, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Valdes G, Chen W, Hong JC, Yom SS, Solberg TD, Löck S, Seuntjens J, Park C, Lambin P. An artificial intelligence framework integrating longitudinal electronic health records with real-world data enables continuous pan-cancer prognostication. Nat Cancer. 2021 Jul.2(7):709-722. Pubmedid: 35121948.
    • Chan MF, Witztum A, Valdes G. Integration of AI and Machine Learning in Radiotherapy QA. Front Artif Intell. 2020 Sep.3:577620. Pubmedid: 33733216. Pmcid: PMC7861232.
    • Gennatas ED, Friedman JH, Ungar LH, Pirracchio R, Eaton E, Reichmann LG, Interian Y, Luna JM, Simone CB, Auerbach A, Delgado E, van der Laan MJ, Solberg TD, Valdes G. Expert-augmented machine learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Mar.117(9):4571-4577. Pubmedid: 32071251. Pmcid: PMC7060733.
    • Luo Y, Chen S, Valdes G. Machine learning for radiation outcome modeling and prediction. Med Phys. 2020 Jun.47(5):e178-e184. Pubmedid: 32418338.
    • Romero M, Interian Y, Solberg T, Valdes G. Targeted transfer learning to improve performance in small medical physics datasets. Med Phys. 2020 Dec.47(12):6246-6256. Pubmedid: 33007112.
    • Valdes G, Luna JM, Gennatas ED, Ungar LH, Eaton E, Diffenderfer ES, Jensen ST, Simone CB, Friedman JH, Solberg TD. Reply to Nock and Nielsen: On the work of Nock and Nielsen and its relationship to the additive tree. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Apr.117(16):8694-8695. Pubmedid: 32265277. Pmcid: PMC7183189.
    • Luna JM, Gennatas ED, Ungar LH, Eaton E, Diffenderfer ES, Jensen ST, Simone CB, Friedman JH, Solberg TD, Valdes G. Building more accurate decision trees with the additive tree. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Oct.116(40):19887-19893. Pubmedid: 31527280. Pmcid: PMC6778203.
    • Morin O, Chen WC, Nassiri F, Susko M, Magill ST, Vasudevan HN, Wu A, Vallières M, Gennatas ED, Valdes G, Pekmezci M, Alcaide-Leon P, Choudhury A, Interian Y, Mortezavi S, Turgutlu K, Bush NAO, Solberg TD, Braunstein SE, Sneed PK, Perry A, Zadeh G, McDermott MW, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Raleigh DR. Integrated models incorporating radiologic and radiomic features predict meningioma grade, local failure, and overall survival. Neurooncol Adv. 2019 Oct.1(1):vdz011. Pubmedid: 31608329. Pmcid: PMC6777505.
    • Chen J, Morin O, Weethee B, Perez-Andujar A, Phillips J, Held M, Kearney V, Han DY, Cheung J, Chuang C, Valdes G, Sudhyadhom A, Solberg T. Optimizing beam models for dosimetric accuracy over a wide range of treatments. Phys Med. 2019 Feb.58:47-53. Pubmedid: 30824149.
    • Deist TM, Dankers FJWM, Valdes G, Wijsman R, Hsu IC, Oberije C, Lustberg T, van Soest J, Hoebers F, Jochems A, El Naqa I, Wee L, Morin O, Raleigh DR, Bots W, Kaanders JH, Belderbos J, Kwint M, Solberg T, Monshouwer R, Bussink J, Dekker A, Lambin P. Erratum: "Machine learning algorithms for outcome prediction in (chemo)radiotherapy: An empirical comparison of classifiers" [Med. Phys. 45 (7), 3449-3459 (2018)]. Med Phys. 2019 Feb.46(2):1080-1087. Pubmedid: 30730570. Pmcid: PMC11078197.
    • Luna JM, Chao HH, Diffenderfer ES, Valdes G, Chinniah C, Ma G, Cengel KA, Solberg TD, Berman AT, Simone CB. Predicting radiation pneumonitis in locally advanced stage II-III non-small cell lung cancer using machine learning. Radiother Oncol. 2019 Apr.133:106-112. Pubmedid: 30935565.
    • Chao HH, Valdes G, Luna JM, Heskel M, Berman AT, Solberg TD, Simone CB. Exploratory analysis using machine learning to predict for chest wall pain in patients with stage I non-small-cell lung cancer treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2018 Sep.19(5):539-546. Pubmedid: 29992732. Pmcid: PMC6123157.
    • Kearney V, Haaf S, Sudhyadhom A, Valdes G, Solberg TD. An unsupervised convolutional neural network-based algorithm for deformable image registration. Phys Med Biol. 2018 Sep.63(18):185017. Pubmedid: 30109996.
    • Gennatas ED, Wu A, Braunstein SE, Morin O, Chen WC, Magill ST, Gopinath C, Villaneueva-Meyer JE, Perry A, McDermott MW, Solberg TD, Valdes G, Raleigh DR. Preoperative and postoperative prediction of long-term meningioma outcomes. PLoS One. 2018 Sep.13(9):e0204161. Pubmedid: 30235308. Pmcid: PMC6147484.
    • Thompson RF, Valdes G, Fuller CD, Carpenter CM, Morin O, Aneja S, Lindsay WD, Aerts HJWL, Agrimson B, Deville C, Rosenthal SA, Yu JB, Thomas CR. The Future of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Oncology. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2018 Oct.102(2):247-248. Pubmedid: 30191856.
    • El Naqa I, Ruan D, Valdes G, Dekker A, McNutt T, Ge Y, Wu QJ, Oh JH, Thor M, Smith W, Rao A, Fuller C, Xiao Y, Manion F, Schipper M, Mayo C, Moran JM, Ten Haken R. Machine learning and modeling: Data, validation, communication challenges. Med Phys. 2018 Oct.45(10):e834-e840. Pubmedid: 30144098. Pmcid: PMC6181755.
    • Morin O, Vallières M, Jochems A, Woodruff HC, Valdes G, Braunstein SE, Wildberger JE, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Kearney V, Yom SS, Solberg TD, Lambin P. A Deep Look Into the Future of Quantitative Imaging in Oncology: A Statement of Working Principles and Proposal for Change. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2018 Nov.102(4):1074-1082. Pubmedid: 30170101.
    • Thompson RF, Valdes G, Fuller CD, Carpenter CM, Morin O, Aneja S, Lindsay WD, Aerts HJWL, Agrimson B, Deville C, Rosenthal SA, Yu JB, Thomas CR. Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Oncology Imaging. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2018 Nov.102(4):1159-1161. Pubmedid: 30353870.
    • Hara JH, Wu A, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Valdes G, Daggubati V, Mueller S, Solberg TD, Braunstein SE, Morin O, Raleigh DR. Clinical Applications of Quantitative 3-Dimensional MRI Analysis for Pediatric Embryonal Brain Tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2018 Nov.102(4):744-756. Pubmedid: 30108003.
    • Kearney V, Solberg T, Jensen S, Cheung J, Chuang C, Valdes G. Correcting TG 119 confidence limits. Med Phys. 2018 Mar.45(3):1001-1008. Pubmedid: 29360150.
    • Valdes G, Interian Y. Comment on 'Deep convolutional neural network with transfer learning for rectum toxicity prediction in cervical cancer radiotherapy: a feasibility study'. Phys Med Biol. 2018 Mar.63(6):068001. Pubmedid: 29424369.
    • Interian Y, Rideout V, Kearney VP, Gennatas E, Morin O, Cheung J, Solberg T, Valdes G. Deep nets vs expert designed features in medical physics: An IMRT QA case study. Med Phys. 2018 Jun.45(6):2672-2680. Pubmedid: 29603278.
    • Deist TM, Dankers FJWM, Valdes G, Wijsman R, Hsu IC, Oberije C, Lustberg T, van Soest J, Hoebers F, Jochems A, El Naqa I, Wee L, Morin O, Raleigh DR, Bots W, Kaanders JH, Belderbos J, Kwint M, Solberg T, Monshouwer R, Bussink J, Dekker A, Lambin P. Machine learning algorithms for outcome prediction in (chemo)radiotherapy: An empirical comparison of classifiers. Med Phys. 2018 Jul.45(7):3449-3459. Pubmedid: 29763967. Pmcid: PMC6095141.
    • Valdes G, Chang AJ, Interian Y, Owen K, Jensen ST, Ungar LH, Cunha A, Solberg TD, Hsu IC. Salvage HDR Brachytherapy: Multiple Hypothesis Testing Versus Machine Learning Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2018 Jul.101(3):694-703. Pubmedid: 29709315.
    • Valdes G, Chang AJ, Cunnan A, Solberg TD, Hsu IC, Interian Y, Owen K, Jensen ST, Ungar LH. In Reply to Gensheimer and Trister. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2018 Dec.102(5):1594-1596. Pubmedid: 31014789.
    • Kearney V, Chan JW, Valdes G, Solberg TD, Yom SS. The application of artificial intelligence in the IMRT planning process for head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol. 2018 Dec.87:111-116. Pubmedid: 30527225.
    • Thompson RF, Valdes G, Fuller CD, Carpenter CM, Morin O, Aneja S, Lindsay WD, Aerts HJWL, Agrimson B, Deville C, Rosenthal SA, Yu JB, Thomas CR. Artificial intelligence in radiation oncology: A specialty-wide disruptive transformation?. Radiother Oncol. 2018 Dec.129(3):421-426. Pubmedid: 29907338. Pmcid: PMC9620952.
    • Feng M, Valdes G, Dixit N, Solberg TD. Machine Learning in Radiation Oncology: Opportunities, Requirements, and Needs. Front Oncol. 2018 Apr.8:110. Pubmedid: 29719815. Pmcid: PMC5913324.
    • Valdes G, Chan MF, Lim SB, Scheuermann R, Deasy JO, Solberg TD. IMRT QA using machine learning: A multi-institutional validation. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2017 Sep.18(5):279-284. Pubmedid: 28815994. Pmcid: PMC5874948.
    • Valdes G, Lee C, Tenn S, Lee P, Robinson C, Iwamoto K, Low D, Lamb JM. The relative accuracy of 4D dose accumulation for lung radiotherapy using rigid dose projection versus dose recalculation on every breathing phase. Med Phys. 2017 Mar.44(3):1120-1127. Pubmedid: 28019649.
    • Valdes G, Simone CB, Chen J, Lin A, Yom SS, Pattison AJ, Carpenter CM, Solberg TD. Clinical decision support of radiotherapy treatment planning: A data-driven machine learning strategy for patient-specific dosimetric decision making. Radiother Oncol. 2017 Dec.125(3):392-397. Pubmedid: 29162279.
    • Valdes G, Luna JM, Eaton E, Simone CB, Ungar LH, Solberg TD. MediBoost: a Patient Stratification Tool for Interpretable Decision Making in the Era of Precision Medicine. Sci Rep. 2016 Nov.6:37854. Pubmedid: 27901055. Pmcid: PMC5129017.
    • Valdes G, Scheuermann R, Hung CY, Olszanski A, Bellerive M, Solberg TD. A mathematical framework for virtual IMRT QA using machine learning. Med Phys. 2016 Jul.43(7):4323. Pubmedid: 27370147.
    • Valdes G, Solberg TD, Heskel M, Ungar L, Simone CB. Using machine learning to predict radiation pneumonitis in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy. Phys Med Biol. 2016 Aug.61(16):6105-6120. Pubmedid: 27461154. Pmcid: PMC5491385.
    • Valdes G, Robinson C, Lee P, Morel D, Low D, Iwamoto KS, Lamb JM. Tumor control probability and the utility of 4D vs 3D dose calculations for stereotactic body radiotherapy for lung cancer. Med Dosim. 2015 Oct.40(1):64-69. Pubmedid: 25542785.
    • Valdes G, Morin O, Valenciaga Y, Kirby N, Pouliot J, Chuang C. Use of TrueBeam developer mode for imaging QA. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2015 Jul.16(4):322–333. Pubmedid: 26219002. Pmcid: PMC5690025.
    • Takahashi M, Valdes G, Hiraoka K, Inagaki A, Kamijima S, Micewicz E, Gruber HE, Robbins JM, Jolly DJ, McBride WH, Iwamoto KS, Kasahara N. Radiosensitization of gliomas by intracellular generation of 5-fluorouracil potentiates prodrug activator gene therapy with a retroviral replicating vector. Cancer Gene Ther. 2014 Oct.21(10):405-410. Pubmedid: 25301172. Pmcid: PMC4246057.
    • Valdes G, Schulte RW, Ostermeier M, Iwamoto KS. The high-affinity maltose switch MBP317-347 has low affinity for glucose: implications for targeting tumors with metabolically directed enzyme prodrug therapy. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2014 Mar.83(3):266-271. Pubmedid: 24131788.
    • Valdes G, Iwamoto KS. Re-evaluation of cellular radiosensitization by 5-fluorouracil: high-dose, pulsed administration is effective and preferable to conventional low-dose, chronic administration. Int J Radiat Biol. 2013 Oct.89(10):851-862. Pubmedid: 23607451.
    • Valdés-Díaz G, Rodríguez-Calvo S, Pérez-Gramatges A, Rapado-Paneque M, Fernandez-Lima FA, Ponciano CR, da Silveira EF. Effects of gamma radiation on phase behaviour and critical micelle concentration of Triton X-100 aqueous solutions. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2007 Jul.311(1):253-261. Pubmedid: 17383669.

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