Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Surgery

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is unique in that, unlike many other types of breast cancer, it does not have estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). For this reason, it does not respond favorably to treatments that specifically target female reproductive hormones or HER2. However, this relatively rare and aggressive breast cancer can often be effectively treated with surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

Why is triple-negative breast cancer surgery performed?

Triple-negative breast cancer surgery is performed to remove the tumor and affected breast tissues and lymph nodes, which is essential to control the cancer. Because TNBC lacks the receptors that hormone therapies and other common treatments target, surgery is the primary treatment option. In many cases, a surgical procedure such as lumpectomy is combined with radiation therapy or chemotherapy for enhanced effectiveness.

Who is a good candidate for triple-negative breast cancer surgery?

Typically, a good candidate for TNBC surgery has a localized or early-stage tumor that is confined to the breast and nearby lymph nodes with no metastasis. The patient should be in good overall health and able to tolerate anesthesia and recovery. Surgery may also be considered as part of the comprehensive treatment plan for a patient with a more advanced tumor. The final decision will be made based on factors such as the location and size of the tumor and the patient’s health and preferences.

How to prepare for triple-negative breast cancer surgery

To prepare for TNBC surgery, the patient will undergo various preoperative evaluations, including imaging tests and blood work. Next, the patient will meet with their surgeon, anesthesiologist and oncologist to discuss the procedure, anesthesia and postoperative care. The patient will be provided with specific instructions on how to fast before surgery and how to stop or adjust their medications, such as blood thinners, if necessary. The surgical team may also suggest lifestyle changes, such as improving nutrition and quitting smoking, which can enhance the patient’s healing capacity. To help ensure a streamlined surgical experience, the patient should arrange to have support available while recovering at home.

What happens during triple-negative breast cancer surgery?

The types of TNBC surgery include:

• Lumpectomy – By removing only the tumor and a small amount of surrounding healthy tissue, the surgeon can conserve some breast tissue.
• Mastectomy – The surgeon will remove all affected breast tissue but keep the underlying muscles intact.
• Axillary lymph node dissection – Often performed along with lumpectomy or mastectomy, this procedure may be advised if the cancer has likely spread to nearby lymph nodes.

What are the risks and possible complications of triple-negative breast cancer surgery?

TNBC surgery, like any surgical procedure, carries some risks and potential complications, but they are generally manageable with proper care. Many patients experience temporary discomfort, swelling or bruising at the surgical site. There is also a small risk of infection or bleeding, which can be effectively treated if necessary. Some patients may notice changes in sensation or mild stiffness, which should improve with time. Most patients recover well and benefit significantly from surgery as part of their overall TNBC treatment plan.

What to expect during recovery from triple-negative breast cancer surgery

After TNBC surgery, the patient can expect an initial period of rest and healing in the hospital, typically for a day or two, where they will be monitored and receive pain management if needed. Initially, the patient may experience some discomfort, swelling, and limited arm mobility, which should gradually improve with time and physical therapy. The patient should closely follow their surgeon’s guidelines on wound care, activity restrictions and medication use. Regular follow-up appointments will be important to monitor healing and plan any additional treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy. With supportive care, most patients gradually return to their normal activities within a few weeks or months.

How effective is triple-negative breast cancer surgery?

TNBC surgery is generally effective, especially when the cancer is detected early and the tumor is localized. Surgery is often followed by chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy to target any remaining microscopic cancer cells and enhance overall treatment efficacy. While triple-negative breast cancer can be aggressive and challenging to treat due to its lack of hormone receptors, many patients benefit from surgical treatment.

Benefit from world-class care at Moffitt Cancer Center

Moffitt has earned a stellar reputation as a leader in the surgical treatment of all types of breast cancer. We are a high-volume cancer center and, as a result, our breast surgeons have acquired extensive expertise. Additionally, as the only National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center based in Florida, Moffitt is renowned and respected for its groundbreaking research and promising clinical trials. Our scientists and clinicians continue to perform encouraging studies of new treatment options for triple-negative breast cancer, providing hope for current and future patients.

If you would like to learn more about triple-negative breast cancer surgery, you can request an appointment with a specialist in Moffitt’s renowned Don & Erika Wallace Comprehensive Breast Program by calling 1-888-663-3488 or submitting a new patient registration form online. We do not require referrals.