Sentinel Node Mapping and Biopsy for Breast Cancer
Often performed during breast cancer surgery, such as lumpectomy or mastectomy, sentinel node mapping and biopsy is a combined surgical technique used to determine whether cancer has spread to lymph nodes in the underarm area (axillary lymph nodes). In the chain of axillary lymph nodes, the node located closest to the primary breast tumor is known as the sentinel node. Serving as the “gateway” filter for lymph drainage from the breast, the sentinel node is likely to capture any cancerous cells that break away from the primary tumor. Therefore, when breast cancer spreads, the sentinel node is usually the first site affected.
A less invasive procedure than axillary lymph node dissection—which involves removing the axillary lymph nodes—sentinel node mapping and biopsy may be considered if lymph node involvement is unconfirmed before breast cancer surgery.
What does sentinel node mapping and biopsy for breast cancer involve?
During breast cancer surgery, the surgeon will inject a tracer, such as a blue dye or radioactive substance, into the affected breast near the primary tumor. By observing which axillary lymph node absorbs the tracer first, the surgeon can identify the sentinel node. The surgeon will then remove the sentinel node for microscopic examination by a pathologist, who can identify cancerous cells.
If no evidence of cancer spread is found in the sentinel node, further lymph node removal may be unnecessary. However, if the sentinel node tests positive for cancer, follow-up evaluation and treatment will likely be considered.
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Schedule an AppointmentWhat are the risks and possible complications of sentinel node mapping and biopsy for breast cancer?
While generally considered to be safe and effective, sentinel node biopsy and mapping for breast cancer is associated with some risks and possible complications, much like any other surgical procedure. These include:
- Infection
- Excessive bleeding
- Allergic reaction to the dye used during the procedure
- Swelling due to lymph buildup (lymphedema)
What to expect during recovery from sentinel node mapping and biopsy for breast cancer
After sentinel node mapping and biopsy for breast cancer, the patient may experience:
- Mild pain, tenderness, bruising and swelling at the incision site
- Temporary numbness or tingling sensations in the arm
Any discomfort should resolve within a few days. In the meantime, the surgical team may suggest an over-the-counter pain reliever that can be taken if needed.
Physical activity may be restricted for a short time to avoid unnecessary strain on the surgical site. Most patients can return to their normal activities within a few days, but it is important to follow the surgeon’s post-operative instructions for care and follow-up appointments.
How effective are sentinel node mapping and biopsy for breast cancer?
Sentinel node mapping and biopsy are effective for determining whether breast cancer has spread to the axillary lymph nodes. This combined technique accurately identifies the sentinel node in more than 95% of cases and provides critical information for staging the tumor and guiding treatment decisions. It can also eliminate the need for more extensive lymph node surgery, reducing the risk of complications while providing reliable information about cancer spread.
Benefit from world-class care at Moffitt Cancer Center
The multispecialty team in Moffitt’s renowned Don & Erika Wallace Comprehensive Breast Program offers the latest preventive, diagnostic, treatment and supportive care options for patients with breast cancer. We take a highly individualized approach to cancer care with the goal to help each patient achieve the best possible outcome and quality of life.
If you would like to learn more about sentinel node mapping and biopsy for breast cancer, you can request an appointment with a specialist at Moffitt by calling 1-888-663-3488 or submitting a new patient registration form online. We do not require referrals.
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